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Agenda:
- Finish up tutorial
- DVD components: Menus
- Look at final project requirements
- Look at final project script examples
- FCP -> MPEG Encoding with markers
Announcements/Observations
Both the IDEAS Festival & MultiVisions are currently accepting applications.
There is no entry fee so you should enter some work!
Don't forget to do the Sitter Readings: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9. (See
syllabus for more details)
NOTE: The syllabus will be revised over spring break. We skipped a FCP
editing exercise to jump into the DVD tutorial. I'll shift some things
around and add a different assignment.
Review: Elements of a DVD
- Startup action (What happens when you place a DVD
in a player)
- Menus - Menus are backdrops for buttons. There are
two basic types:
- Layer menus - Use multilayered Photoshop documents.
All layers must be rasterized! Don't use editable
text, effects, or styles, etc.
- Highlight/Motion menus. These work with a background
(image or movie) and an overlay graphic. The colors of the overlay
images are assigned by DVDSP.
- Buttons - Allow the user to navigate and interact
with the DVD.
- Tracks - The basic container of a DVD. It holds
audio, video and slide shows. You can have up to 99 of them in a project.
- Slide shows
- Multiple angles - Each track can have up to 8 angles
- Multiple audio streams - You can have up to 8 different
audio streams per track
--- Review examples of menus -------
Take layer and highlight menu apart
Review - Encoding via Compressor through Final Cut Pro
Markers
While you can add markers in DVD Studio Pro, adding them in FCP will
also create I-frames (keyframes), which can help the video quality in
certain situations.
To set markers in FCP, simply press the M key. Without moving the time
indicator, press the M key again to open the Marker window. Note that
you can set two types of markers:
- Compression markers (which only force an I-frame)
- Chapter markers (which force an I-frame AND store chapter names)
You can name your markers in FCP. These names will be carried over in
the MPEG file that Compressor creates.
Reference Movies
If you need to create a movie to use with another application (ie After
Effects) on the same computer, you can create a reference movie. Reference
movies contain no media, just pointers to the existing footage along
with all of the edit information.
In-class Marker Export / DVD exercise:
In this exercise, you will author a simple DVD with a simple overlay
menu and video with markers created in FCP
- Open a video project in FCP and create at least three named markers.
(Must be created as both compression and chapter markers.)
- Export MPEG and AIFF files using Compressor
- Create simple highlight menu with an overlay that visually coordinates
with the background. You should have at least one button (and possibly
other buttons leading to the chapters you created.)
- Author a simple project in DVDSP. Be sure to set your "first play"
function to your menu, set the button target, and "jump when finished"
command on the track.
- Build a Video_TS. Test it and place a copy in your week 9 folder.
Note about Sitter Chapter 6- The book refers to A.Pack,
which has been replaced- its features have now been integrated into Compressor.
All of the info is still valid- it just remember it refers to audio encoding
through Compressor.
For starters remember that the sample rate for all audio brought
into DVDSP must be at least 48 kHz. If you are using AIF/PCM
files, you can simply use QuickTime Pro to change sample rates and
bit depths if needed.
Use Jim's audio importing tips if
you need help converting your audio to the right sample rate.
[review how to convert audio sample rates]
Simple In-Class QuickTime Pro Exercise:
- Take a 48 kHz AIF audio file and use QuickTime Pro to convert the
sample rate down to 44.1kHz.
- Call it 44_1.aif and put a copy into your week 9
folder on the Scratch drive.
Audio Encoding for DVDs
Size matters! Keep your bit budget and audio and video requirements
in mind as you encode both.
The maximum bit rate of DVD-Video is 10.08 Mps (megabytes per second)
MPEG-2 has a maximum bit rate of 9.8 Mps, just under the limits of
DVD-Video. It is recommended that you keep
your combined audio and video bit rate under 9.
A 16-bit stereo PCM audio file (aif for example) has a bit rate of about
1.5 Mbps. That about 15 percent of the total bit rate for DVD-Video.
Upping the sample rate to 96kHz doubles the size to 3 Mbps.
Audio Encoding Using Compressor
Compressor lets you convert (and compress) PCM audio files into AACs
(good for iPods) or AC-3 (Dolby Digital), which is great for DVDs. Remember
that anytime you compress and encode audio, some of the audio information
gets thrown away.
AC-3 ( aka Dolby Digital) You can use Compressor to
encode AC-3 streams iwith anywhere from 1 to 6 channels. While you will
most likely be working with 2-channel audio (L & R), you can encode
audio with up to 6 channels (5.1 surround).
- L (left)
- R (right)
- C (center)
- S (sub)
- Ls (left-surround)
- Rs (right-surround)
How to get started encoding a stereo file:
- Drag or import audio file into the Batch window
- Under the Setting column, select Audio -> Dolby 2.0
- In the Inspector, check your settings:
- Target System (DVD Video)
- Audio Coding Mode: L/R, 5.1, etc
- Select a bit rate. Suggested data rates are:
- Mono 64 - 128 kbps
- Stereo 129 - 224 kbps
- 5.1 surround 224 - 448 kbps
- Bit Stream Mode: This setting determines how multple
AC3 streams are mixed for various playback applications.
It is not fully supported- leave it on Complete Main.
- Dialog normalization (TV is approx -12, Film is about
-30)
- Pre-processing tab - Compression Profile Presets:
- None
- Film Standard
- Film Light
- Music Standard
- Music Light
- Speech
- Downmix surround sound - (Greyed out unless you have
a surround sound file.) What happens when you play your
5.1 mix on a stereo system? It mixes the sound from the
rear and center channels into the stereo pair. We typically
want to attenuate these signals so that they are not too
loud when mixed into the other channels.
- Check your Destination setting & Output Filename
- Click on the Submit button to encode your audio
Important Note:
The Video_TS of your tutorial should be placed in a folded called "tutorial"
You can just place your in-class Viideo_TS in your week 9 folder.
Exercise (might not have time Thursday):
This exercise has three parts. In part one, you'll create markers in
your music video and bring it into DVDSP. In Part 2 you'll encode audio
with Compressor. In part 3 you'll create a simple DVD project that plays
your movie and encoded audio.
Part 1 - Chapter Marker Creation & import into DVDSP
- Open your completed video project from week 2 in FCP.
- Create at least three chapter markers & give them names
- Encode your video to MPEG-2 via Compressor (and make an AIF as well)
- Launch DVD Studio Pro
- Import your movie into your DVD Studio Pro. Do you see your chapter
markers in the Track Editor?
- Create a basic menu with a single button that targets your track.
- Make sure your startup action points to the menu
- Make sure your Track "jump when finished" points back to
the Main Menu.
- Build your DVD
- Preview your Video_TS with Apple's DVD Player and see if your chapter
markers work.
Part 2 - Audio Encoding
In this exercise you'll create an AC-3 audio file, from your AIF soundtrack.
You'll note the file sizes and any perceived differences between the
two files.
- Create an audio observations text file (Call it observations)
- Note how big your initial AIF file is.
- Open Compressor and import your AIF file two times.
- Set the controls for one to stereo, 224 kbps, and a -31 DNV. Be sure
to call it 31.ac3
- Set the controls for the second to stereo, 224 kbps, and a -5 DNV.
Be sure to call it 5.ac3
- Submit your batch to create the two AC-3 files out of your aif.
- Place the AIF and the two AC-3 files in your week 4 folder
- In your observations document, note the file sizes of your AC3 & AIF
files.
Part 3 - Finishing- Adding a 2nd track & playback
- Open your DVD SP Project
- Import the AC-3 files you just created
- Replace the audio in the first track with the 31.AC3 file
- Create another track with the same video but use the 5.AC3 file
- Create a second button in your main menu that targets your 2nd track.
Be sure to name them so they identify what they are pointing to. (eg
31 & 5)
- In the Inspector, make sure both tracks jump back to the main menu.
- Build your DVD
- Test it/Play it in Apple's DVD Player. Listen carefully to the two
AC3 files.
- In your observations document, note any perceived differences in
the sounds. Save a copy of your final Video_TS and your observations
into your week 4 folder.
Homework:
- Bring in Media for an alternate track exercise.
- Do the readings and study for the quiz
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